What is an ankle sprain?

A sprained ankle happens when the ankle twists or bends in an unnatural direction, causing the ligaments to stretch or tear. These strong tissues connect the bones in the ankle and provide stability. When the ankle moves too far or too fast, it can strain or damage these ligaments, leading to swelling, pain, and difficulty moving the foot. The outer side of the ankle is most commonly affected in these types of injuries.

What are the types of ankle sprains?

There are three main types of ankle sprains, classified by severity:

  1. Grade 1 (Mild): The ligaments are stretched, but not torn. There is mild swelling, pain, and little to no loss of movement or stability.
  2. Grade 2 (Moderate): The ligaments are partially torn. This causes significant swelling, bruising, moderate pain, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the ankle.
  3. Grade 3 (Severe): The ligaments are completely torn. This results in intense pain, major swelling, bruising, and significant instability, often making it impossible to walk without assistance.

What are the symptoms of a sprained ankle?

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the sprain. The following are signs and symptoms of a sprained ankle:

  • Pain – Often sharp or aching, especially when moving or putting weight on the ankle.
  • Swelling – The ankle may swell up, sometimes significantly.
  • Bruising – Blood vessels may get damaged, causing discoloration of the skin.
  • Limited range of motion – Difficulty moving the ankle or foot, especially when trying to walk.
  • Instability – The ankle may feel weak or like it might give out.
  • Tenderness – The area around the injury may be sensitive to touch.

What causes a sprained ankle?

A sprained ankle can occur for many reasons, including twisting or rolling the ankle while walking or running, sudden changes in direction or pivoting during physical activities, or landing awkwardly after a jump. Slipping or tripping on uneven surfaces, direct impact or trauma – such as during sports or accidents – and walking on unstable terrain can also increase the risk of injury.

How is a sprained ankle treated?

A sprained ankle is typically treated at home using the R.I.C.E. method (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) to reduce pain and swelling. Resting the ankle and avoiding weight-bearing activities helps the ligaments heal, while icing for 15-20 minutes every few hours in the first 48 hours minimizes inflammation. A compression bandage supports the joint, and keeping the ankle elevated above heart level reduces swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help with discomfort. Once swelling subsides, physical therapy exercises restore strength and mobility, preventing future injuries. A gradual return to activity is crucial to avoid re-injury.

How long is the recovery time for an ankle sprain?

  • Mild (Grade 1): 1-3 weeks; walking may be uncomfortable for a few days.
  • Moderate (Grade 2): 3-6 weeks; may require crutches initially, with rehab for strength.
  • Severe (Grade 3): 6-12+ weeks; may need a boot or brace, with extensive physical therapy.

When do I see a doctor about a sprained ankle?

You should seek medical attention if you experience severe pain that doesn’t improve, an inability to bear weight, significant swelling or bruising, visible deformity, limited range of motion, or suspect a fracture.

Schedule an appointment with Volunteer Podiatry today to explore the best ankle sprain treatment options that meet your specific needs.